Warning: In this section I decided to display the literal transliteration that is to say the word as it is written and NOT as it should be written. The transliteration of reference will be mentioned when known to me. The comparison of both will reveal in full to the reader the Ancient Egyptians' stenographical way of writing.

The vocabulary displayed is partly built on the book of Raymond O. FAULKNER, A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford, 1962. Specials thanks are given to the Griffith Institute for the permission to use it.

Stela of Nestesen

Bibliography: Schäfer Heinrich, Urkunden der älteren Äthiopenkönige, Leipzig, 1905-1908, p. 137-152; Schäfer, Heinrich, Die Aethiopische Königsinschrift des Berliner Museums, Leipzig, 1901, passim pls. i-iv; Tormod Eide, Tomas Hägg, Richard Holton Pierce and László Török, Fontes historiae nubiorum, University of Bergen, 1996, II, p. 471 (Nb 84)

bḥdt nṯr nb pt d ʿnḫ wȝs

n-ỉ-s-tȝ-s-nn

ỉmn-rʿ nb nswt tȝwy ḫnty ỉpt-swt d ʿnḫ

ḏd wȝs nb mỉ rʿ ḏt

ḏd-mdw d.n(.ỉ) n.k tȝ^.w nb ḫȝswt psḏt-pḏt dmȝ ẖr ṯb^.wy.k

mỉ rʿ ḏt

nsw-bỉt kȝ-ʿnḫ-rʿ sȝ-rʿ n-ỉ-s-tȝ-s-n

rd(t) wḏȝ n ỉt.f

sn(t)-nsw mwt-nsw ḥnwt kš p-r-ḫȝ

d.n.s pȝ (sḥ) m npy

ḏd smn.n ỉt.s kȝ n pȝ (ḫȝ) rʿ-ḥr-ȝḫty

ỉr(t) sšš.s n.k

ỉmn npt ḥr(y)-ỉb (ḏw-wʿb)

nṯr-ʿȝ ḫnty tȝ-st

d.f ʿnḫ wȝs nb ḏt

ḏd-mdw d.n(.ỉ) n.k ʿnḫ wȝs nb ḏd nb(t) snb nb ȝw-ỉb

d.n(.ỉ) (n).k rnpwt nḥḥ ḫʿ(.ṯw) ḥr st-ḥr ḏt

nsw-bỉt kȝ-ʿnḫ-rʿ sȝ-rʿ n-ỉ-s-tȝ-s-n

rd(t) wḏȝ n ỉt.f

d(.ỉ) ỉr n.k nbw dbn n ... sp 4

sȝ(t)-nsw (ḥmt-nsw ḥnwt) kmt s-ḫ-mȝ-ḫ ...

ỉr(t) sšš.s n.k

rnpt-sp 8 ȝbd tpy prt sw 9

ḫr ḥr kȝ-nḫt mr(y)-psḏt ḫʿ-m-npy

nbty sȝ-rʿ n-ỉ-s-tȝ-s-nn

ḥr kȝ-ptpt-tȝy-f-sbỉw-ẖr-db(wy)

pȝ mȝỉ ʿȝ ỉn ỉr^.y ʿmʿm

smn tȝ{wy} nb

sȝ ỉmn

py.f ḫpš ʿȝ

ỉr^.y wsḫ tȝ nb

sȝ nȝ nṯrw

sḏr (nty hl) tȝ nb nṯrw

ỉr^.y rḫ mdt nb^.t mỉ ḏḥwty

nty (m) (mʿšy-rdwy)

ỉr^.y ḳd tȝ nb mỉ ptḥ

ỉr^.y sʿnḫ ỉrt nb(t) mỉ ỉmn

sȝ ȝst

sḏr gm nȝ nṯrw ỉr^.y ms

ḫw tȝwy

sȝ-rʿ n-ỉ-s-tȝ-s-nn

sȝ ỉmn

smȝʿ m pt

d.ỉ rḫ^.t.tn

nsw-bỉt kȝ-ʿnḫ-rʿ

sȝ-rʿ nb tȝwy ʿnḫ ḏt

ḏd.f (.ỉ)

ỉw wn.ỉ pȝ šr nfr m b-r-wȝ-t

ỉr^.y.f ʿš r.ỉ ỉmn npy

pȝy.ỉ ỉt nfr

ḏd

ỉ.my n.k

d.ỉ ʿš.w (sn^.w nsw)

nty ỉw wn m b-r(-wȝ)-t ḏr

ḏd.ỉ (n).w

ḏd

ỉ.my.tn

sy w.ḫȝḫ s ỉrm.n

wp(?) n pȝy.n sr

ḏd.w (n).ỉ

ḏd

bn ỉw.n sỉy ỉrm.ỉ(.k)

ntk pȝy.f šr{nw} nfr

ỉr.f mr n.k ỉmn npy

pȝy{tw}.k ỉt nfr

d.ỉ (thȝm)

dwȝ pḥ.ỉ r ỉ-s-d-r-s-t

d.ỉ sḏr

sw p.ỉ ʿbʿb(?)

sḏm.f (.ỉ) ʿ-mȝ-l m npy

ḏd.w

ỉw.f mdynt tȝ{wy} nb{t}

ḫrp.ỉ

dwȝw pḥ.ỉ tȝ-ḳỉ-t

sw pȝ mȝ ʿȝ

pr-šȝ

rd nsw p-ʿnḫ ỉ-l-r m-n.f

ỉw wn pȝ.ỉ (ḏrt) ỉȝb^.t ḥr st nḥm(?) gm(?) pȝy

pr ỉmn

ỉr^.y.w ỉ^.ỉ nty.ỉ

rmṯ ḥwt-nṯr ỉmn npy ḏr(.w)

nỉwtyw rmṯ

ʿȝ{t} nb{t}

md.w r-m.ỉ

ḏd.w (n).ỉ

ḏd

ỉr.f nš n.k (ʿȝt) nt pȝ tȝ-st ỉmn npy

pȝy{tw}.k ỉt nfr

ỉw ḏd.w rmṯ nb

ỉw.f mn^.w n dnw

ḏd.ỉ (n).w

ḏd

sỉy

(ḏȝ) ỉtrw

my (srsr).tn n.f (.ỉ?)

ỉmn npy pȝ{tw}.ỉ ỉt nfr

mšʿ.tn

sỉy

šn.tn ỉ-ỉr ỉmn npy

d.ỉ msḥ ẖr m mnw

pȝ ỉtrw ḥr pr rʿ

d.ỉ sỉ (ḥr) ḥtr ʿȝ

pḥ(.ỉ) r pr-ʿȝ

ỉr.w šn ỉ-r.ỉ rmt ʿȝ

(ḥm-nṯr) ỉmn ḏr.w

ỉr^.y.w smȝ ỉ-r.ỉ r nb

d.ỉ sỉ ḥry

(ḥr) wn sbȝ ʿȝ

ỉr^.y.w ỉr^.y (n).ỉ pȝ-wn(?) r(?) ỉr^.y

pȝ.ỉ srḫ (ḥȝt nfr) sʿȝ ỉpt-swt pr-nbw

ḏd.ỉ n.f ỉmn npy py.ỉ ỉt nfr mdt.ỉ

pȝ wnwn nb^.t m ẖt.ỉ

ỉw sḏm r-m.ỉ ỉmn np pȝ.ỉ r

d.n.f (n).ỉ ỉmn npy pȝ.ỉ ỉt nfr

(nsyt) nt pȝ tȝ n st

pȝ ḫȝy nsw ḥr-sȝ-ỉt-f

nḫt nsw p-ʿnḫ ỉ-l-r

ȝbd 3 ȝḫt sw (ʿrḳy)

d.ỉ ḫʿ ỉmn npy

p.ỉ ỉt nfr

ỉ^.ỉ (r-bl) r-pr ʿȝ

d.f (n).ỉ (nsyt) (pȝ) tȝ-st(y)

ỉ-r-t

(psḏt-pḏt)

pȝ (ʿdb) 2

pȝ 4 ḳʿḥ^.w

ḏd(.ỉ) py.ỉ mdt nfr yrm{t}.f pȝ-rʿ

ḏd.ỉ n.f ỉmn np tȝ mdt

ntk pȝ nty ỉw.k ỉr^.y sw (n).ỉ

ỉr.f sḏm (n).ỉ tȝ nb rmṯ nb

d.k ʿš r.ỉ m bȝ-r-wȝ-t

ỉ^.ỉ ỉ.ỉr^.y(.ỉ) n.k

d.k šn(n).f (n).ỉ (ʿȝ) n pȝ tȝ-st(y)

ỉw bw rd sw rmṯ m nsw

hȝw py.f 24

d.n.k n.ỉ (ʿȝt)

ỉw wn rmṯ sḏr ḥnʿ rmṯ ...w nb(t} (ḥr) wȝt

hnhn(.ỉ) (ḫft-ḥr) rʿ

pḥ(.ỉ) ḥr st ...

ṯȝ(.ỉ) ỉwȝ 2

sỉ(.ỉ) ḥry

ḥms(.ỉ) (ḥr) bdy (n) nbw m ỉpt-swt (n) nbw (m) (ḫȝyb(t))

m hrw pn

ḏd.w rmṯ nb

ḏd

ỉw.f ỉr^.y nfr mdt (n) rmṯ nb{t}

d.f n.f ỉmn npy (ʿȝt) ʿnḫ wḏȝ snb n pȝ tȝ-st(y)

sȝ-rʿ n-ỉ-s-tȝ-s-nn sỉ ḥry

ḥms ḥr bdy (n) nbw m (ḫȝyb(t)) m hrw pn

ỉw.f ỉr^.y nsw

ḥms (nmm) m b-r-wȝ-t

ȝbd 1 prt sw 12

d.ỉ mšʿ ḫd ỉ-ỉr ỉmn pr-gmt

pȝy.ỉ ỉt nfr

d.ỉ ỉmn pr-gmt

ỉ^.ỉ ỉ-bl-r pr-ʿȝ

ḏd(.ỉ) pȝy.ỉ mdw nfr ỉrm.f pȝ-rʿ

d.n.f (n).ỉ (nsyt) nt st

d.f (n).ỉ pȝ (ʿdb) 2

ỉ-l-t

psḏt-pḏt

p.f (pḏt) sḏr

ḏd.f (n).ỉ ḥr ḏd.f (n).ỉ ỉmn npy

pȝy.ỉ ỉt nfr

sỉy(.ỉ) ḥry

ḥms ḥr bdy nbw

sỉy.ỉ ỉr(ỉ.) (r) ỉmn pr-nbs

py.ỉ ỉt nfr

ḫʿ ỉmn pr-nbs

ỉ^.ỉy b-l-r pr-ʿȝ

d.n.f (n).ỉ (ʿȝt) pȝ (tȝ-sty)

p.f (ḫrỉw) sḏr

ḏd(.ỉ) py.ỉ mdw nfr r-m pȝ-rʿ

sỉy(.ỉ) ḥry

ḥms ḥr bdy nbw

ỉ^.ỉy(.ỉ) ḥry ỉ-ỉr ỉmn npy

pȝ.ỉ ỉt nfr

ȝbd 2 prt sw 19

(d.ỉ ḫʿ) ỉmn np

ỉ^.ỉy bl-r pr-ʿȝ

ḏd py.ỉ mdw nfr r-m.f pȝ-rʿ

ḏd.ỉ (n).f ỉ.ḏd(t).f (n).ỉ mdw nfr ḏr ỉmn pȝ-gmt

ỉmn pr-nbs nṯrw ḏr

hnhn(.ỉ)

pḥ(.ỉ) ḥr st ...

(ṯȝ.ỉ) ỉwȝ 2

sỉ(.ỉ) ḥry m pȝ ỉm(ȝ)w

sḏr(.ỉ) grḥ 4

ỉr^.y(.ỉ) pȝ ... nb{t} hrw 4

sỉy(.ỉ) ḥry

pḥ(.ỉ) ḥr st ...

(ṯȝ.ỉ) ỉwȝ 2

ʿḳ(.ỉ) m ḥwt-nṯr

ḥms.f(.ỉ) ḥr pȝ (skȝ) m (pr-šȝ) nbw

sw 24

sỉy(.ỉ) ḥry ỉ-ỉr bȝstt (ḥrt-ỉb) t-l-t

py.ỉ mwt nfr

d.n.s (n).ỉ ʿnḫ ỉȝwt ʿȝ nfr (mnḏ) (ỉȝb)

d.n.s sw (n).ỉ m ḳn(ỉ) ʿnḫ nfr

d.n.s (n).ỉ tȝy.s n-l sḏr(t)

ỉ^.ỉy.ỉ m npy

sw 29

d.ỉ ḫʿ ỉmn npt

d.n.f (n).ỉ pt nb^.t

tȝ nb

pȝ (y-l) nb

rmṯ nb

sỉy(.ỉ) ḥry

ḥms(.ỉ) ḥr bt nbw

d.ỉ ỉr^.y n.k pȝ ḳm 4 ỉmn np ẖr npy

ỉw wn rmṯ 36 m-ẖn.f(.w)

d.ỉ n.k snṯr kȝ-l-r (n) bỉȝ ʿȝ 3

bỉt kȝ-r-r 4

ʿntyw 3 ḥḳȝt

twt n ỉmn (n) pȝ-gm-ỉtn nbw 1

... n ḥr n nbw 2

dbn 3

msdy ḥḏ 3

kȝ-ḏȝ n ḥḏ 3

(Schäfer, Die Aethiopische Königsinschrift, p.116)

ỉpt n ḥḏ 7

dmḏ 12 dbn 134

kȝ-l-r bỉȝ ʿȝ 2

ḫȝyt n mhr ỉrt ḥmt 13

ḥnt n ḥnḳt ḥmt 2

hȝ-l 6

kȝs bỉȝ 12

msdy ḥmt 6

d.ỉ ỉr n.k ỉmn m ỉpt ȝbd tpy šmw sw (ʿrky)

ỉwȝ sb ... 2 (ḥȝ(?)) 2 dmḏ 4

... ... 2 (ḥȝ(?)) 2 dmḏ 4

... ... 1 (ḥȝ(?)) 1 dmḏ 2

bnw sm ... m ... (rnpt)

ḫy-r-l-t-bȝ bỉȝ 16

tḫ bỉȝ 2

rb bỉȝ 10

bʿṯȝ bỉȝ 2

ỉp (ḥḳȝt(?)) ḥmt 2

ỉ^.ỉy ḫ-m-bȝ-sȝ-w-d-n-...

d(.ỉ) sy ... pḏt m ḏȝ-r-t

ḫȝy ʿȝ

(ṯȝ(.ỉ)) pȝ.f ... nb

(ḥȝḳ(.ỉ)) wỉȝ n ḏȝ nb (n) pȝ (wr)

d(.ỉ) (n).f ḫȝy

ṯȝ(.ỉ) pȝ.f tȝ{wy} nb dybn nb ỉwȝ nb (mnmn) nb

nty sʿnḫ ỉrt nb (ṯȝr) n kȝ-r-tp-t šȝʿ tȝ-l-w-dy-t

d(.ỉ) sw n pȝ nt kȝkȝ(?)

ỉw ḫȝy n-ỉm{t}.f

r sʿnḫ ỉr n-ỉm{t}.f

ỉr^.y.ỉ tḫnw n nʿ(?) wʿt(?)

d.ỉ sw m tȝ-r-m-nw-t ỉwȝ ḫw 12

p n ỉmn np ỉw ỉn.w ẖr m np

ȝbd 4 ȝḫt sw 26

hȝw msw sȝ-rʿ n-ỉ-s-tȝ-s-nn

d(.ỉ) sw m sȝ-kȝ-sȝ-kȝ-dy-t ỉwȝ n md ʿȝ 6

p n ỉmn npt pȝ.ỉ ỉt nfr ỉw.w ỉ^.ỉy ẖr np

ȝbd 4 ȝḫt (ʿrḳy)

hȝw (n) d^.t sw pȝ sḥ n sȝ-rʿ n-ỉ-s-tȝ-s-nn

d.ỉ ỉr^.y n.k ỉmn np ktkt (ỉt) 12 (ḥḳȝt)

(nḏwt) wȝḏ (srḳ ṯȝr) (n) kȝ-1-tp-t sʿȝ tȝ-r-l-ḳ-t

d.ỉ ỉr^.y n.k ỉmn np py.ỉ ỉt nfr ḫbs ḥr tȝ-ḳ-tȝ-t-t

d(.ỉ) ỉn^.y n.k (ḥȝḳ)

ỉwȝ 300 mnmn 300 (ṯȝ) 200

ỉmn np pȝy{tw}.k ḫpš 2 nty ḫpr py{t}.k šf nfr

d.ỉ n.k ỉmn np rṯḳ wps m-...-k-gȝ-wȝ (r-ḏr)

py{tw}.k (t-ḳ-l) pȝw ṯȝ ḥmt dmḏ 110

ḫr kt ʿn

ỉr^.y.ỉ d sỉ (tȝ) pḏt ḥr sby^.w m-ḫỉ-n-d-ḳ-nn-t-t

ỉr^.y.w ḳnḳn r-m{t}.f

ḫȝy ʿȝ

(ṯȝ^.y.ỉ) pȝy{t}.f {n} pȝ wr ỉ-y-w-kȝ

d(.ỉ) (ḥȝḳ) ḥmt nb (dbnt) nb^.t nbw ʿšȝ

ỉwȝ 209659 (mnmn) 505349 ḥmt 2236 ỉkyt n kȝ-tȝ-r-dy-t 322 ḥḳȝt

d.ỉ d^.t sw n pȝ kȝkȝ( ?) r ỉr sḫ...nw tȝ nb

d.ỉ ỉr^.y n.k ỉmn np ḫbs ḥr kȝ-tȝ-l-dy-t ỉkyt 12 (ḥḳȝt).

d.ỉ ỉr^.y n.k ẖr-st bỉȝ ʿȝ 2

d.ỉ ʿḥʿ.w ḥr (r-pr) wȝst

ỉmn np pȝy.ỉ ỉt nfr

d.ỉ ỉr^.y n.k ktkt ỉt 6 (ḥḳȝt) ḥr kȝ-tȝ-l-dy-t

d.ỉ wn r-pr n ỉwȝ n nbw (ỉḳ) (pȝ) n ỉmn np p.ỉ ỉt nfr

kt ʿn

d.ỉ sỉ (tȝ) pḏt ḥr sbyt r-bȝ-l ỉ-kȝ-l-kȝ-r-w-t

d.ỉ ḫȝy ʿȝ

(ṯȝ(.ỉ)) pȝ (wr) l-b-w-d-n

pȝy.f (ḫt) nb^.t n nbw ʿšȝ nn ỉp

ỉwȝ 203216 (mnmn) 603107 ḥmt nb(t)

pȝ nty ỉw^.w sʿnḫ ỉr n-ỉm.w nb

d.ỉ sw pȝ (wr) (n) ỉmn np py.ỉ ỉt nfr

py{tw}.k ḫpš sḏr py{t}.k (s-l) nfr

ḫr ʿn

d.ỉ (msḥ) ʿš ʿšȝ ḥr sbyt ỉ-r-r-sȝ

d.ỉ ḫȝy ʿȝ

d.ỉ ṯȝ pȝ wr n mȝ-ḥȝ-t ỉ-b-s-w

(ḥȝḳ(.ỉ) ḥmt nb^.t (dybnty) nb^.t

nbw dbn 1212

ỉwȝ 22120

ḥmt nb^.t (mnmn) 55200

d(.ỉ) sw pȝ wr py.f{r} (šb) (n) ỉmn np pȝy.ỉ ỉt nfr

py{tw}.k rn ʿȝ nfr pȝy{tw}.k šf nfr

kt ʿn

d.ỉ sỉ.f (tȝ) pḏt ḥr sbyt m-ḫ-š-r-ḫ-r-tỉ

d.ỉ ḫȝy ʿȝ

d.ỉ ṯȝ pȝ wr pȝ nty ỉw.f{r} sʿnḫ ỉrt n-ỉm.f nb^.t ḥmt nb^.t

d.ỉ (sw) ẖr-r.ỉ

(ḥȝḳ(.ỉ)) ỉwȝ 203146 mnmn 33050

ỉmn npy py.ỉ ỉt nfr

pȝy{tw}.k ḫpš sḏr py{t}.k rn ʿȝ nfr

kt ʿn

d.ỉ sỉ ʿš ʿšȝ ḥr sbyt mȝ-y-w-kȝ-t

ỉr.f (šn^.y) n.ỉ sbyt ḥr nhȝ n sȝ-r-sȝ-r-t

d.ỉ ḳnḳn r-m{t}.f

d.ỉ ḫȝy ʿȝ

ỉr^.y.ỉ ṯȝ py.f wr tȝ-mȝ-ḫ-y-tỉ

d.ỉ (ḥȝḳ) pȝy.w ḥmt nb^.t (dybnt) nb

nbw dbn 2000 ỉwȝ 35330 (mnmn) 55526

pȝ nty ỉw^.w sʿnḫ ỉr n-ỉm{t}.f ḏr

d.f (n).ỉ ỉmn npy pȝy.ỉ ỉt nfr tȝ nb{t}

pȝy.f ḫpš sḏr

pȝy.f šfy nfr

pȝy.f rn ʿȝ nfr mỉ pt

ỉr.f ỉr^.y (n).ỉ ỉmn npy pȝy.ỉ ỉt nfr

ḫr kt ʿn

ỉr^.y.w pnʿ nkt n ỉmn ḥr(y)-ỉb pȝ-gm-ỉtn

(ỉȝbys) nsw ʿnḫ wḏȝ snb ỉ-s-p-1-tȝ

pȝ-wn ʿš ʿšȝ wḏȝ n pȝy.ỉ (srḫš ḥȝtyw)

(ỉȝbys) nsw ʿnḫ wḏȝ snb ỉ-s-p-l-tȝ ky (mȝ)

r dy-bȝ-w sbyt m-dy-y-t

d.w gm.f nkt (n) pȝy.ỉ (ỉȝbys)

sʿȝ-mtw.f ỉr^.y (n).ỉ ỉmn npy pȝy.ỉ ỉt nfr

d.ỉ n.f ỉmn pr-gm-ỉtn pȝy.ỉ ỉt nfr

ḏd.f (n).ỉ ỉmn pr-gm-ỉtn pȝy.ỉ ỉt nfr

d.ỉ n.k pȝy.ỉ (tpdy) nḫt r-nm{t}.f pḥty

d.ỉ n.k sby nb m sḳr^.w ẖr dbwty.k

ḫr kt ʿn

ỉr^.y.w ṯȝ.f sbyt m-dy-y-t

nkt n ḫt wḏȝ n bȝst (ḥrt-ỉb) ṯrt

(ỉȝbys) nsw ʿnḫ wḏȝ snb ỉ-s-p-1-tȝ

ỉ^.ỉy.w pȝy.ỉ (nȝy.ỉ) (ỉȝbys)

d.ỉ n.s bȝst (ḥrt-ỉb) (tȝ-rt) pȝy.ỉ (tȝy.ỉ) mwt nfr

d.n.s{.f} (n).ỉ py.s snw ʿȝ{t} nfr

ỉȝwt ʿȝ^.t nfr ... py.s šf nfr ḏd

pȝy{tw}.k wḏȝt pȝw

pȝy{tw}.k ... pȝw

sʿȝ-mtw.f ỉr^.y (n).ỉ ỉmn npy pȝy.ỉ ỉt nfr

sʿȝ-mtw.f ỉr^.y nfr pȝy.ỉ (ỉȝbys)

pȝy.f ḫpš sḏr

ḫr ỉ ỉmn np pȝy.ỉ ỉt nfr

tȝ mdt pȝ nty ỉw.k (šʿ r)

... bw ỉr^.y.s dy

ḫr ỉn-ỉw snw r.k ...

bn d.w snḫn ỉrt n-ỉm.f ẖr pt