Warning: In this section I decided to display the literal transliteration that is to say the word as it is written and NOT as it should be written. The transliteration of reference will be mentioned when known to me. The comparison of both will reveal in full to the reader the Ancient Egyptians' stenographical way of writing.


The vocabulary displayed is partly built on the book of Raymond O. FAULKNER, A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford, 1962. Specials thanks are given to the Griffith Institute for the permission to use it.


Decree of Canopus

 

Bibliography: Sethe, Kurt, Urkunden der griechisch-römischen Zeit, p. 124-154); Bagnall, Roger S. and Derow, Greek Historical Documents: The Hellenistic Period, 1981/2002 Scholars Press, p. 238

 

(Sethe, p. 125)

 

rnpt-sp 9

ȝ-p-ȝ-l-y-w-s sw 7

tpy prt sw 17 n ỉmy.w tȝ-mrỉ

ḫr ḥm nsw-bỉt p-t-w-l-m-y-s ʿnḫ ḏt mr(y)-ptḥ

 

(Sethe, p. 126)

 

n p-t-w-l-m-y-s ỉ-r-s-ỉ-n-ȝ-t nṯrwy-snwy

wʿb n ỉ-l-g-s-ȝ-n-d-r-s mȝʿ-ḫrw ḥnʿ nṯrwy-snwy ḥnʿ nṯrwy-mnḫwy

ȝ-p-w-l-ȝ-n-y-d-s n m-w-s-k-y-ȝ-n

ỉw m-ȝ-n-ȝ-ḳ-r-ȝ-d-ȝ sȝt nt p-y-l-ȝ-m-n-ȝ

fȝ-dnỉ(t) n m-bȝḥ ỉ-r-s-ỉ-n-ȝ-t mr(t)-sn

 

hrw pn sḫȝw

ỉw ỉmyw-r gsw-prw ḥmw-nṯr

ḥryw-sštȝ ʿb.w smʿr nṯrw m sṯt.sn

.w mḏȝt-nṯr rḫ(w)-ḫt

ỉtw-nṯr wʿb.w mỉ-ḳd.sn

 

(Sethe, p. 127)

 

m ỉtrty šmʿw mḥw r d-y-ȝ-w-s hrw 5

ỉr.tw wp-rnpt nt ḥm.f ỉm.f

ḥnʿ sw 25 m ȝbd pn

šsp ḥm.f ỉȝwt.f wr.t m-ʿ ỉt.f ỉm.f

twt.sn r ḥwt-nṯr nt nṯrwy-mnḫwy nty m pgwtỉ

ỉr ḏd

 

r-nty wn nsw-bỉt p-t-w-l-m-y-s ʿnḫ ḏt mr(y)-ptḥ

n p-t-w-l-m-y-s ḥnʿ ỉ-r-s-ỉ-n-ȝ-t nṯrwy-snwy

ḥnʿ ḥḳȝt b-r-n-y-g-ȝ-t snt.f ḥmt.f

 

(Sethe, p. 128)

 

nṯrwy-mnḫwy

ḥr ỉr(t) mnḫw ḳnw wr.w m gsw-prw nw tȝ-mrỉ r tr nb

ḥr ḏsr mdw pḥty n nṯrw r ʿȝ wr

wn.sn ỉsk ḥr mḥ(t) r tr nb

ḥr ḫt ḥp mr-wr

ḥnʿ ʿwt ḥwt-nṯr nb(t) ḫw(t) m bȝḳt

d.sn ḫt wr (spd) ḳnw r ỉr.t r mẖr.w.sn

sḫm.w ỉṯ(w).n ẖsy.w nw p-r-s-t-t r rwt bȝḳt

wḏȝ.n ḥm.f r .w sṯt

 

(Sethe, p. 129)

 

nḥm.f sn

ỉn.f sn r tȝ-mrỉ

rd.n.f sn r st.sn m gsw-prw

mnmn.sn ỉm ẖr-ḥȝt

swḏȝ.n.f kmt r ḥȝʿy

ḥr ʿḥȝ r rwt.s m ỉnt ḥr(t)

ḥnʿ ḫȝsty.w ʿšȝ.w

ḥr tp.w.sn ḫrp sn

wn.sn ḥr wḏʿ ʿnḫw nb nw tȝ-mrỉ

 

(Sethe, p. 130)

 

ḥnʿ tȝ-tm(?) nb m nḏt n ḥm.sn

ỉsk rf ḫpr rnpt nt ḥʿpy nḏs m hȝw.sn

wn ʿnḫw nb nw bȝḳt ỉb.sn ḳsn

ḥr ḫpr ỉsk m sḫnw

ḫft sḫȝ.sn ḫryt ḫp ḫnt

m rk nsyw tpyw-ʿ

ỉw ḫpr sḫnw ḥʿpy nds n ỉmy.w tȝ-mrỉ m hȝw.sn

ỉw ḥm.f ḏs.f ḥnʿ snw.f ḥr mḥ(t)

 

(Sethe, p. 131)

 

ỉw ỉb.sn mȝẖ

ḥr ỉmy.w prw-nṯr ḥnʿ ỉmy.w bȝḳt r ȝw.sn

wn.sn ḥr mȝṯ(?) ʿšȝ sp sn

ḥr rd.t .sn r ḥtr ḳnw

n ỉb n sʿnḫ rḫyt

ỉw.sn ḥr rd.t ỉn.tw prt r kmt

m rtnw ỉȝb

m n kftyw

m ỉw sbyntyw nty m ḥr-ỉb wȝḏ-wr

ḥnʿ ḫȝswt wr(t)

ḥr rd.t ḥḏ ʿšȝ r ḏbȝw.sn ṯs r sb.t(w).w

 

(Sethe, p. 132)

 

ḥr swḏȝ ʿnḫw wn m tȝ-mrỉ(?)

ḥr rd.t rḫ.sn mnḫ.sn r r-ʿ ḏt

ḥnʿ sp.w.sn ḳnw

m ḥr n ḫprw ḥnʿ ḥr-sȝ.sn

ỉw rd.n nṯrw smn ỉȝwt.sn n ḥḳȝt tȝwy

m ỉsw nn

ḥnʿ fḳȝ.sn m ȝḫw r ȝw.sn r r-ʿ ḏt

wḏȝ ḥnʿ snb

 

(Sethe, p. 133)

 

rd(y) m ỉb.sn ỉn wʿb.w nw tȝ-mrỉ

r swr ḏsr ḫt ḳnw n nsw-bỉt p-t-w-l-m-y-s ʿnḫ ḏt mr(y)-ptḥ

ḥnʿ ḥḳȝt b-r-n-y-g-ȝ-t nṯrwy-mnḫwy

m-ḫnt gsw-prw

ḥnʿ ḫpr(w) n nṯrwy-snwy ḳmȝ(wy) sn

ḥnʿ ḫpr(w) n nṯrwy-nḏwy sḫp ỉr(yw) sn

ḥr swr.sn

wʿb.w pw ỉmy.w prw-nṯr nb nw bȝḳt r ȝw.sn

ḏd.tw wʿb.w nw nṯrwy-mnḫwy ḥr rn.sn wȝḥ.tw ḥr rn ỉȝwt ḥm-nṯr.sn

 

(Sethe, p. 134)

 

r.sn ḥr sḫr.w nb

ḫt ỉȝwt ḥm-nṯr n nṯrwy-mnḫwy ḥr ḫtm ỉry ḏrt.sn

sḫpr.sn ky ỉmytw(?) wʿb.w m gsw-prw r ȝw.sn

m wȝḥ ḥr 4 ḫpr hrw pn

ḏd.tw n.f 5(.nw) n nṯrwy-mnḫwy

r-nty ḫpr sḫnw nfr ḥnʿ wḏȝ snb

mswt nsw-bỉt p-t-w-l-m-y-s ʿnḫ ḏt mr(y)-ptḥ n nṯrwy-snwy

n d-y-ȝ-w-s sw 5

 

(Sethe, p. 135)

 

ỉw ỉrf hrw pn ḫnty pw n ỉr(t) b-nfr wr n ʿnḫw nb.w

d.tw wʿb.w bs(w.n) nsw r gsw-prw šȝʿ-n rnpt wʿ.t nt ḥm.f

ḥnʿ nty tw.tw (r) bs r-mn rnpt-sp 9.(n)t ȝbd 4 šmw

r pn

ḥnʿ ms.w.sn r r-ʿ ḏt

wʿb.w pw wn ẖr-ḥȝt.sn r-mn rnpt wʿ.t

(r) ḫp m .w wn(w).sn ỉm.sn ẖr-ḥȝt

mỉtt-ỉrw n ms.w.sn ḏr hrw pn r r-ʿ nḥḥ

m .w r .w nty ỉw ỉt.sn m-ḫnt.sn

 

(Sethe, p. 136)

 

ỉr.y m ỉsw n wʿb 20 nḏ-ḫt

m stp r tr n rnpt m 4 ḫpr

m s 5 ỉm.sn r wʿ

(r) sḫpr wʿb 25 ḥr nḏ-ḫt

ỉw s 5 ỉn.tw m wȝḥ m-ḫnt 5(.nw) n nṯrwy-mnḫwy

rd.t(w) psšt n ỉmy.w 5 n nṯrwy-mnḫwy

m nt-ʿ nb n bs r ỉr(t) ʿbw m ḥwt-nṯr

ḥnʿ ḫt nb.t r ỉry.sn m r-prw

ʿȝ-n-sȝ m ḥm-nṯr ỉm.f

 

(Sethe, p. 137)

 

mỉ ḫp m ky 4

r-nty sk ỉr.tw ḥb n nṯrwy-mnḫwy m gsw-prw nb

ṯnw ȝbd nb m sw 5 sw 9 sw 25

m ỉr sḫȝw srr ẖr-ḥȝt

ỉw gr ỉr.tw ḥb n nṯrw wr.w

ḫʿ ʿȝ pẖr m tȝ-mrỉ r tr.f n rnpt

mtw.tw ỉr.y ḫʿ ʿȝ r tr n rnpt

 

(Sethe, p. 138)

 

n nsw-bỉt p-t-w-l-m-y-s ʿnḫ ḏt mr(y)-ptḥ ḥnʿ ḥḳȝt b-r-n-y-g-ȝ-t nṯrwy-mnḫwy

ẖnm ḫnt ỉtrty ḥr bȝḳt r ȝw.s

m hrw pr-spdt

ḏd.tw wpt-rnpt m rn.f ḥr .w nw pr-ʿnḫ

mtw.tw ỉr(t).f m rnpt-sp 9 ȝbd 2 šmw sw 1

ỉw ỉr.tw ḥb n wpt-rnpt nt bȝstt ḥr ḫʿ ʿȝ n bȝstt m ȝbd pn

ḏr-nty tr n stwt rd nb ḥȝy ḥʿpy ỉm.f

ỉs ỉw ỉrf wn sḫn

 

(Sethe, p. 139)

 

ỉsk wdb ḫʿ n spdt r ky hrw

tnw rnpt 4

r nn sn.tw hrw n ỉr(t) ḥb pn ḥr.s

r ỉr.t.f r-mỉtt.f m ȝbd 2 šmw sw 1

ỉr.tw ḥb ỉm.f ḫnt m rnpt 9

ỉr.tw ḥb pn r hrw 5

mḏḥ tp.sn m mḥ

m ṯs-ḫt ḥr ḫȝw

ḥr ỉr(t) wdn

ḥnʿ ḫt nb.t twt n ỉr(t)

 

(Sethe, p. 140)

 

r rd(t) ḫpr.f ỉsk

r tr.w ḥr ỉr(t) ỉry.sn r rr nb

mỉ sḫr.w wn(w) pt smn ḥr.s m hrw pn

r bn s(y)(?) sḫnw ḫp

r wn ḥb.w pẖr m tȝ-mrỉ r ỉr.tw.w m prt

r ỉr.tw.w m šmw m tr wʿ

ḥr wdb ḫʿ n spdt m hrw wʿ ṯnw rnpt 4

 

(Sethe, p. 141)

 

r wn ktḫ ḥb.w ỉs ỉr.tw.w n šmw m ȝt tn

ỉr.tw.w n prt r tr .sn

mỉ sḫnw ḫp m tr tp-ʿw

r nty ḫpr ỉsk

ỉr ỉs wn rnpt ḥr hrw 360

ḥnʿ hrw 5 wp.tw wȝḥ r.sn m pḥwy

mtw.tw wȝḥ hrw wʿ m ḥb n nṯrwy-mnḫwy šȝʿ-n hrw pn ṯnw rnpt 4

n wȝḥ r hrw 5 wȝḥ ḥȝt wp-rnpt

ḫpr.f rḫ.n bw-nb

r-nty nh wšr ỉmytw smn n tr.w

ḥnʿ rnpt

 

(Sethe, p. 142)

 

ḥnʿ mdw nty n hp.w n rḫ n mtn pt

sḫnw ỉs d mtrt(?)

ỉw mḥ ḥr nṯrwy-mnḫwy

(r-nty) sk sȝt ḫpr n nsw-bỉt p-t-w-l-m-y-s ʿnḫ ḏt mr(y)-ptḥ

ḥnʿ nb(t) tȝwy  b-r-n-y-g-ȝ-t nṯrwy-mnwy

ḏd.tw b-r-n-y-g-ȝ-t ḥr rn.s

bs.tw.s r ḥḳȝt

ỉw sḫn ỉs nṯrt ṯn ỉw.s m rnnt ʿḳ.s r ḥrt m sḫȝḫ

 

(Sethe, p. 143)

 

ỉw wʿb.w m tȝ-mrỉ ḫr nsw-bỉt ẖr-rnpt

m bw ẖr ḥm.f

ỉr.sn prt ʿȝ.t ḥr-ʿ ḥr sḫnw ḫpr

ỉw.sn ḥr nḥ(t) m-bȝḥ nsw ḥnʿ ḥḳȝt

ḥr d(t).s m ỉb.sn

r rd(t) ḥtp nṯrt ṯn ḥnʿ wsỉr m ḥwt-nṯr n pgwtỉ

nty m-ẖnw n gsw-prw ḫnt(yw)

(r-nty) sw wr ỉmytw.sn

sw m-ḫnt ḏsr(w) (ỉ)n nsw ḥnʿ ʿnḫw nw tȝ-mrỉ r ȝw.sn

 

(Sethe, p. 144)

 

ỉr ỉs ʿḳ.tw (ỉ)n wsỉr m-ẖnw n sktt

r ḥwt-nṯr tn r tr n rnpt

m ḥwt-nṯr nt ...  m ȝbd 4 ȝḫt sw 29

ỉw ỉmy.w gsw-prw ḫnt(yw) r ȝw.sn ḥr ỉr(t) ḳrr

ḥr ḫȝw nw gsw-prw ḫnt(yw)

ḥr ỉmn ỉȝb m-ḫft-ḥr-n ḥwt-nṯr ṯn

m-ḫt nn ḫt nb(t) twt n ỉr.t

ḏr ỉr.n.s nṯr

ḥr swʿb snm.s

 

(Sethe, p. 145)

 

ỉr.sn ḏsr

r ỉb.sn m srf

(m-snt-n) ỉr(t) ḥr ḥp mr-wr

ỉr.sn smȝʿ n rd.t ḫpr mdw pḥty n ḏt

n ḥḳȝt b-r-n-y-g-ȝ-t sȝt nt nṯrwy-mnḫwy

m gsw-prw nw tȝ-mrỉ r ȝw.sn

(r-nty) ḫp ʿḳ.s m-m nṯrw m tpy prt

ȝbd pw ʿḳ sȝt rʿ r pt ỉm.f ḫnt

 

(Sethe, p. 146)

 

ḏd.f n.s ỉrt-rʿ mḥnt m ḥȝt.f ḥr rn.s

ḥr mr.n.f s(y)

ỉr.tw n.s ḥb n ẖn m r-pr wr ỉmytw gsw-prw ḫnt(yw) m ȝbd pn

ỉr nṯr n ḥm.s ỉm.f ẖr-ḥȝt

mtw.tw ỉr ḥb wʿ ḥr ẖn wʿ(t)

n ḥḳȝt b-r-n-y-g-ȝ-t sȝt nt nṯrwy-mnḫwy

m gsw-prw nw bȝḳt r ȝw.sn

m tpy prt šȝʿ-n hrw 17

ỉr ẖn.s ḥr swʿb snm.s ỉm.f m sp tp(y)

nfry-r hrw 4

 

(Sethe, p. 147)

 

mtw.tw sʿḥʿ sḫm nṯr n nṯrt ṯn m nbw

mḥ m ʿȝt nb(t) šps(t)

m gsw-prw mḥ wʿ m gsw-prw mḥ 2 r ȝw.sn

rd(t) spȝt(?).f m pr-nṯr

ỉw ḥm-nṯr

r-pw wʿ ỉmytw wʿb.w stp(w) r ʿbw wr

r smʿr nṯrw m sṯt.sn

sḫʿ.f ḥr ḥpt.f

 

(Sethe, p. 148)

 

m hrw n ḫʿ ḥnʿ ḥb.w nw nṯrw r ȝw.sn

r-nty s(y) bw-nb

sn-tȝ m ḏsr.f

ḏd.tw n.f b-r-n-y-g-ȝ-t ḥnwt rnnwt

ḫʿ.s wn ḥr tp n sḫm pn

nn stwt r wn(t) ḥr-tp rpwt

nt mwt.s ḥrt b-r-n-y-g-ȝ-t

r ỉr.tw.f m ẖms snnw

ỉw ỉʿrt ỉmytw.sn

ỉw wȝḏ n ȝḫy m ḳȝw.s ḥȝ ỉʿrt ṯn

 

(Sethe, p. 149)

 

mỉ wn m ʿ.wy nṯrwt

ỉw sd n ỉʿrt tn mn r wȝḏ pn

r-nty wn smȝʿ n sḥnw pn ʿš ḥr rn b-r-n-y-g-ȝ-t

ḥr tỉt.f m .w nw pr-ʿnḫ

ỉw gr ỉr.tw hrw nw g-ỉ-g-ỉ-l(?) m ȝbd 4 ȝḫt

ẖr-ḥȝt ẖnt wsỉr

rd.ỉn rnnwt ḥmwt nw wʿb.w ỉr.tw kt rpt

nt b-r-n-y-g-ȝ-t ḥnwt rnnwt

ỉr.tw n.s ḳrr

 

(Sethe, p. 150)

 

ḥnʿ ḫt stwt n ỉr(t) m hrw nw ḥb pn

r-nty wn.s ỉs m-ʿ ktḫ rnnwt

ỉr m stwt n nn n nṯrt tn

r mr.sn

dwȝ.tw nṯrt tn ỉs ỉn šmʿt

stp(t) r šms nṯrw

ḫʿ m ḫʿ.w nw nṯrw

 

(Sethe, p. 151)

 

wn.sn m wʿbw.sn

ỉr ỉs ỉw rd m-ḥȝt ỉrw

(r) (t) ẖms ỉn šmʿt r-ḫnt

ḥnk n sḫm nṯr n nṯrt ṯn

ḥs.tw n .s ỉn dmȝw ḥs.w

ṯȝ ḥmt

m ẖrt-hrw ḥnʿ ḥb.w ḫʿw nw nṯrw

m dwȝw spẖr(w).n ṯt pr-ʿnḫ

 

(Sethe, p. 152)

 

d n mr sbȝ nw ḥs.w

mỉtt ḥr šfdw nw pr-ʿnḫ

r-nty ỉs d.tw ḥtp n wʿb.w m-ḫnt gsw-prw

ḫft bs.sn ỉn nsw r ḥwt-nṯr

ỉw my d.tw ẖrt n ms.w ḥmwt nw wʿb.w

ḏr hrw ms(w).sn ỉm.f

m-ḫnt ḥtp-nṯr nw nṯrw

 

(Sethe, p. 153)

 

m ẖrt wp.tw ỉn wʿb.w nḏ-ḫt

m r-prw r ȝw.sn

mỉ r n ḥtp-nṯr

ʿḳw rd n ḥmwt nw wʿb.w

ỉr.tw.f wp m ḳfn

ḏd.tw ʿḳw n b-r-n-y-g-ȝ-t m rn.f

sḫȝw pn mr.y.tw.f

ỉ(n) nḏ-ḫt m ḥwwt

ḥr mr gsw-prw

 

(Sethe, p. 154)

 

ḥnʿ .w nw ḥwt-nṯr

ḫt ḥr wḏ n ỉnr r-pw ḥmt

m nw pr-ʿnḫ n šʿ n ḥȝ-nbw

rd.t(w) ʿḥʿ.f m wsḫ (nw) rmṯ

m gsw-prw ḫnt(yw) gsw-prw 2.nw gsw-prw 3.nw

r rd.t wbȝ-ḥr.n bw-nb

m ḏsr ỉr(w).n wʿb.w nw gsw-prw bȝḳt n nṯrwy-mnḫwy

ḥnʿ ms.w.sn

m stwt n ỉr.rt